How Chronic Alcohol Use Affects Your Muscles

Alcoholic myopathy is a muscle condition that can affect people with alcoholism or binge drinkers. 

Myopathy is a general term for diseases that affect your muscles. The muscle fibers don’t work properly, which leads to muscle weakness and other symptoms. Some myopathy is inherited and present at birth. Other forms develop later in life from autoimmune disease, metabolic disease, or other causes.

Alcoholic myopathy is a condition that causes loss of function and strength in your skeletal muscles in response to long-term or heavy drinking. It can come on suddenly after binge drinking or can happen over time after regular alcohol use.

Alcoholic myopathy happens in about one-third of people who have alcoholism. It’s more common in people who have other alcohol-related diseases like liver cirrhosis. 

There are two types of alcoholic myopathy: acute and chronic.

Acute alcoholic myopathy. This type happens after binge drinking 4 to 5 alcoholic drinks that cause a blood alcohol level of 0.08 grams per deciliter or more. It can lead to a potentially life-threatening condition called rhabdomyolysis, in which alcohol causes muscle tissue to break down and release into your blood.

Rhabdomyolysis can lead to kidney failure and kidney dialysis, a treatment using machines that filter your blood for your kidneys. 

Chronic alcoholic myopathy. This type of muscle condition is linked to a lifetime of drinking high amounts of alcohol. Over time, too much alcohol leads to tissue damage and deficiencies in B vitamins, iron, zinc, potassium, and vitamin D. This causes problems converting protein into muscle and repairing muscle.

Alcohol also causes oxidative stress. This happens because it makes large amounts of free radicals that cause tissue damage and lower the natural compounds that normally protect you from this damage. 

The excess free radicals also interfere with activities in your cells like glycogen and lipid storage. These are forms of energy your muscles use during exercise. Improper energy storage can cause problems with muscle contractions, leading to weakness.

Alcoholic myopathy symptoms include:

Alcoholic myopathy often affects the muscles of the pelvis and shoulders. Some people have trouble with daily tasks and simple movements like standing or walking.